Discovering all URLs on a website is a foundational task for SEO audits, competitive analysis, data extraction, monitoring content changes, and training domain‑specific AI models. However, in 2025 this task is far more complex than running a simple recursive wget. JavaScript-heavy frontends, anti-bot protections, CAPTCHAs, region-specific content, and dynamic sitemaps mean that naïve crawlers will miss large portions of a site—or get blocked quickly.